Friday, July 30, 2010

a children's treasury of terrifying apocalyptic scenarios

"The non-profit organization “Geohazards” ranks Kathmandu at the highest risk for earthquake fatalities than any other city in the world."

USGS
NepalNews
AFP: After Haiti, Nepal braces for big quake
AlertNet
Nepal National Seismological Centre

i actually lose sleep over this. i would take some sleeping pills...but i'm afraid they'd make me sleep through the apocalyptic earthquake.

^this doesn't really help

Wednesday, July 28, 2010

what i'll be doing this year...

...aside from stocking up on candles and immodium, like always.
so at the risk of cursing this whole situation (because things can always go wrong in truly unexpected ways in nepal...adds spice to life), it looks like i've got a visa AND a project i'm really excited about coming up. as the only native english speaker in the office aside from my boss, the director, it's sort of inevitable that i write a lot of grants and edit a lot of reports. this is fine. it's necessary, i'm pretty decent at it, and it's even enjoyable...but it's not really super productive in terms of career path for me. so imagine my glee now that it looks like i'll be doing research for TMI (where i've been for the last year) and the UN World Food Programme for whom TMI implements food aid delivery in karnali. hopefully i'll be producing a more theoretically informed, academic piece, as well as a more slimmed-down publication for an NGO audience. ANYWAY... i figured i would just post my proposal below for people who are interested. feedback and reading recommendations totally welcome.

The NGO-ization of Service Delivery: Food Security and Community Response in Jumla District, Nepal

In countries where governments have little capacity to address basic social service delivery, the responsibility for service delivery across multiple sectors often shifts to non-governmental and/or non-profit organizations, funded (in the case of developing countries) largely by foreign donors. Focusing on food insecurity in Jumla district, in the remote Karnali region of Nepal, I aim to describe the division of labor (and changes in that division over time) between government and non-governmental organizations as a function of social, historical, and political processes. Then, I aim to analyze the effect of this division of labor on the strategies and understandings of local communities, specifically, how systems and methods of delivery affect local food security and livelihood adaptation strategies (for instance, crop choices or labor migration patterns).

I intend to conduct my research in partnership with the UN World Food Programme and The Mountain Institute (TMI). TMI, as the implementing partner for the WFP’s Food for Work (FFW) project (part of its Protracted Relief and Recovery Operations in the country) has a working presence in eight of the most vulnerable VDCs in Jumla district, in which research will be conducted. Jumla was selected based on its overall Human Development Index (HDI), which ranks 69th out of Nepal’s 75 districts, with 74.1 percent of children under five classified as chronically malnourished. Since 2008 TMI has distributed over 1,170.15 metric tons of rice and built strong relationships and trust with the some of the most vulnerable members of the district. These eight VDCs, identified as the most vulnerable clusters in the district, based on the WFP’s mapping for food sufficiency, include 4,591 households with a total population of 26,928 people.


CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
There is significant debate in the literature concerning the pros and cons of the “NGO-ization” of service delivery (as well as capacity building, good governance promotion, and other functions); the legitimacy of INGOs; and their effects on state sovereignty, capacity, and governance structures. This debate is extensive and largely beyond the scope of a brief research proposal, although it will be considered in more detail as background in the final report resulting from this research. It does, however, inform the framework of inquiry. This research is aimed at contributing to the broader debates outlined above, as well as those on the efficacy of food aid paradigms, but seeks to do so through a necessarily limited case study.

The first component of this research, describing the division of responsibilities between governmental and non-governmental agencies in the delivery of food security services in Jumla district, seeks to identify the structural and historical causes of the current status of service delivery. Currently, government capacity to deliver basic services is at such a nadir in the region that most service delivery is performed by non-governmental organizations. This project seeks to identify more accurately and specifically the extent to which “NGO-ization” of service delivery has taken place in the region, and the factors that have influenced this outcome (ie levels of centralized and local corruption, lack of government presence, political instability, etc) both in current moment and historically. Furthermore it seeks to address questions of future service delivery: who is best placed to provide social protection? To what extent can NGO and donors work through local government and what needs to happen to shift the balance so that major development partners can begin to work through local governments? This research also aims to be a sort of organizational ethnography, describing the understandings of actors within organizations as well as the organizational cultures that influence the formulation of policy. 

The second component of the research takes as a premise that food aid does not merely serve as a supplement to local livelihoods. Instead, communities will adapt their existing livelihood practices (for instance crop choice, patterns of labor migration, and/or production of marketable goods), in order to effectively leverage the new inputs while managing risk and conserving energies. By focusing first on how current food aid systems affect local livelihood practices, the research hopes to offer insight on how to create more sustainable and effective delivery mechanisms, both governmental and non-governmental, and how to transition successfully from short-term aid delivery to a long-term sustainable development model.

METHODS
In addition to a literature review and development of a theoretical framework, my research will be based on qualitative data collection, primarily through a semi-structured interview format. Since the project concerns both the formation of service delivery policy and strategy, as well as community responses to that strategy, interviews will include those with the staffs of NGOs concerned with food security service delivery in Jumla, specifically the World Food Programme, The Mountain Institute, TMI’s local NGO partner (Integrated Community Development-Jumla), and concerned government entities, such as the Ministries of Local Development and Health and Population.

Although research staff will be based in Kathmandu, extended field trips to Jumla district, of three to five weeks each, are planned for both the Fall and Spring, when travel remains easier. This timing also coincides with major planting and harvesting phases, which will allow research staff to simultaneously observe and discuss subsistence and livelihood choices with residents. The trusted nature of the relationship that exists between TMI and their local NGO partner staff and local communities will allow research staff to reduce the amount of time normally required to build relationships necessary for deeper qualitative research and to access local knowledge. As research staff will be working closely with NGO staff implementing programming in the area, there will also be a component of participation observation to the research.

Interviews will be conducted in English and Nepali, as necessary, with a translator present if the situation demands, although all members of the research team will possess at least basic Nepali language skills.

TIMELINE
Literature review and the development of a theoretical framework will be done in the summer months before the fall field trip. Winter months will be utilized to build relationships and conduct the majority of NGO-based research in Kathmandu and Nepalgunj, as well as to analyze findings from the first half of the research period. The spring field trip to Jumla will be used to deepen the understanding of the issues initially researched in the fall, and explore issues uncovered during the Kathmandu phase of the research. After returning from spring fieldwork, research will be compiled into several formats: a policy briefing appropriate for NGO and government reference, as well as a more extended and theoretically informed piece suitable for distribution in academic contexts. Information sharing will also be facilitated by two workshops, one for each component of the project, a) the “NGO-ization” of food security service delivery policy as a function of historical, economic, and political processes and b) community response to delivery policy in terms of livelihood strategy adaptation.

originally, i had planned a third "component" to the research, which i've posted below. unfortunately, it's a pretty big project already, and it's not really in WFP or TMI's wheelhouse. i still think it's pretty cool though, so i'm going to try to answer the question anyway, and maybe write something separately.

This research is also concerned with local communities’ understandings of and aspirations for governance, particularly at this critical political juncture in the country. Although food aid (governmental and non-governmental) fashions itself as deliberately apolitical, this research takes as a starting point that the delivery by non-state actors of any basic service that is commonly understood as the province of the state will fundamentally affect people’s understandings of what a government should be, as well as their rights and responsibilities, and those of non-governmental actors. This component of the research seeks to reveal the unintended consequences of even “non-political” service delivery on communities’ political understandings and participation.

today's headline 28/07/10

nepali papers may not have particularly in depth coverage...or impartial reporting...or copy editors, apparently, but they do have an ineffable charm to them. thus, i bring you headlines of the day: screen grabs, headlines, and quotes from nepal's finest english-language journalism.

the himalayan times 25 july 2010: HURPES Probe Panel

ok, so it isn't the HT's fault that Human Rights and Peace Society took such an unintentionally hilarious acronym. so i'll make up for it with what ranks as my current all time favorite from the kathmandu post (11 may 2010):

Govt colleges dungeons of poo 

to be fair, i think we all had a shitty time in high school (BA DA BING. tip your waitress, goodnight!)

Tuesday, July 27, 2010

yet more proof that hindus are JUST like jews

i wore my new kurta salwaar today.
a coworker told me i looked just like his mother.


he meant it as a compliment.

Friday, July 23, 2010

question time, kiddies!

so, i think i'm going to start soliciting questions from you good folks, my few but dedicated (dedicated? sure, let's go with dedicated) readers (hi, mom). anything you want to know about nepal or related topics, i will try my best to answer through personal experience, research, or just asking around. we'll call it "prasnaa chha?" which means "any questions?".

i figure it will be a good way to keep me blogging and to "crowdsource" content (am i using that correctly? eh, who cares, i don't know what crazy technology you kids are dancing to today anyway...damn kids).

you can submit to me at mollyclarkbarol at gmail. wheeee.

THE ARISTOCRATS! (or the reader's digest version of the last 15 years of nepali politics)

starting to blog again resolution: do not fear the short and mediocre in posts.

now, i'm not an expert, but i do try to keep my finger on the pulse of just what is going on in nepali politics. it is absolutely fascinating, for the most part. as a (really) brief rundown: 1991 was really the first true seated multiparty parliament (a sort of royal parliamentary system with the king in place) since nepal was "unified" in 1768. after a series of schisms, the Communist Party Nepal-Moaist (CPN-M) began a civil war in 1996 to topple the monarchy (among other things) that lasted for 10 years in which about 12000 people died. in 2001, the crown prince went on a shooting spree (conspiracy theories abound) and killed most of his family and himself, leaving his significantly less popular uncle to take the throne. in 2005, the king dissolved parliament and took over all executive powers, ostensibly to better control the insurgency (the political parties' success was...mixed). in late 2005/early 2006, a people's democracy movement forced the king to restrict his power. subsequently, a parliament was reinstated, the comprehensive peace agreement being written, and everyone started getting ready for the 2008 elections... which, when they happened, were considered, y'know, more or less free and fair, and in which the CPNM won the largest number of seats, one of the big three that include the . fast forward another year, and the Maoists leave the government after being prevented from firing the army chief, UML candidate MK Nepal becomes PM. fast forward yet another year (spring 2010)...the constitution remains undrafted a month from its deadline. the CPNM stage an indefinite (turned out to be weeklong) strike (called bandh in nepali), shutting down the country to push for their demands to be met (resignation of PM, consensus government under CPNM, among other things). at the 12th (no, not even 11th, literally 12th) hour, the parties came together to extend that madate of the constituent assembly (CA, the constitution writing body) under the interim constitution for another year. however, agitation against MK Nepal continued. he resigned last month, and this week elections have been held to try to replace him.

ANYWAY...sorry this was such a half-baked post. i actually wrote all of the above as a prelude to my expression of astonishment (well maybe not "astonishment") and confusion at the state of things today. again, i'm not an expert, but i usually have SOME clue what's going on. today, i'm pretty much stumped. on the bright side, now you've got the basics...if you bear with me, i promise more coherent/in depth posts on nepali politics in the future!

in the meantime, for more about nepal since the CPA (2006), check out the carter center's reports. they've been monitoring the implementation of the peace accords and constitution writing.

Thursday, July 8, 2010

back on the blogging horse

Hey there folks. So this blog definitely seems to have fallen off the agenda in the last year. BUT as many of you likely know, I’m back in Nepal for another year. I want to do a better job maintaining this, and doing more writing about Nepal in general, rather than just my experiences here. When I was home for a visit, I was psyched to find out how much people were interested in the country and culture. However, I’m going to start out with more a “personal” “entry”…also known as my 6-month report for my fellowship (handed in at a cool 10 months…oops). I figure it will give people at least a rough idea of what the last year was like. (I didn’t realize it was supposed to be in narrative form until I’d done all the questions separately, so sorry that it’s kind of choppy/awkwardly transitioned!). I also realize there’s not a whole hell of a lot about my job in here, so I’ll do another post on that later.

Also, in case you don’t have facebook, I’ve got public links up to some of my photos from the last year, just to the right in the sidebar.


For better or worse, I always come over all cynical whenever someone claims to be doing something in order to “find themselves.” It’s sort of like the inherent contradiction when someone uses the term “classy” un-ironically. If you’re saying it, you’re probably missing the point of what the term is supposed to convey. Did I go to Kathmandu to hone the personal and professional skills in a new and challenging environment where I could meet people and see things that I wouldn’t have otherwise? Yes. Did I go to “find myself”? Why don’t you just excise $160,000-in-tuition’s worth of self-righteous (and yet elitist) class warriorship from my brain, and call it a day. Did I, nonetheless, find out the true meaning if the phrase “finding yourself”? Surprisingly, yes. Did I do so by actually pooping myself? Oh, you betcha.

It was spring, when the hills of the Kathmandu valley are covered in blooming flowers, and the waters are filled with blooming parasite populations. We were all down with something those days, and I did what every foreigner I know in Kathmandu does when faced with gastro-intestinal issues: firebomb your system with a cocktail of anti-diarrheals, heavy duty antibiotics, and a parasite-killer for good measure (all available over the counter!), and stay near a damn toilet. Well, I did it for a few days, anyway. And then—I got cocky. I was leaving a meeting fully across town from my apartment, looking for a cafĂ© from which to work with a friend. We were turning around at a dead end, and my stomach began to gurgle ominously. No sooner than I thought, “Man, was drinking that coffee a bad idea,” I stopped dead.

“Roger” I hissed at my friend. He turned around. “I just…I just POOPED MYSELF” I whispered, overwhelmed with a sense of horrified violation.

“Well, do you, uh, need a bathroom?” He asked with remarkable aplomb.

“I’m pretty sure it’s too late for that one, dude.”

We hustled (or, in my case, waddled damply) to the first cabs we could find. In my second great shock of the afternoon, the cab driver agreed to put the meter on, rather than make me negotiate a price. I didn’t wish to question my good fortune, but it did present me with a dilemma. Since the nice man had given me meter, actually sitting down in the seat seemed, well, karmic-ly injudicious. And so I spent twenty minutes making polite conversation in Nepali made all the more stilted by fact that I was hovering not terribly casually an inch above the seat…only to discover that my road was closed, the cabbie didn’t have change, and that I was beginning to get leakage down my leg. I threw almost double fare at the cabbie, waddled as quickly as possible through my neighborhood, past my landlord’s demon dog, and up four flights of stairs, only to discover that there was no water in our apartment—at all. At this point I called a neighbor and friend whose apartment had unusually consistent water supply, and confessed my problem. “Oh,” she said, “happens all time, lovely. Come on over and shower.” I received similar confirmation from other friends to whom I related the story, over (many) beers. (“Happened to me twice last week” ) And so occurred a major moment in my journey of self-discovery, a rite of passage, it seems—the realization that no matter what age you are, or where you’re from, you should never, EVER take for granted being able fart with confidence.

Realizing that, in other parts of the world, discussing your bowel movements is NOT the conversational equivalent of commentary on the weather was only one of many small adjustments I had to make when I came back to the States for a visit this summer. I didn’t even realize how many things were just normalized for me in Nepal until I came back and people asked me about “culture shock”. I guess don’t know what “culture shock” really means. When I first got to Nepal, I suppose it meant feeling like everything was a little bit more difficult, or that everywhere I went I went with an air of incompetence palpable enough to be conspicuous across the street. I called them my “big, stupid bideshi [foreigner] days.” The reverse culture shock was those little, quotidian things that you internalize until they become instinctive, because that’s, y’know, just what one does where one happens to be. When I came back to the States, it took me a while to adjust back: drinking the tap water felt like secret agent-level sexy danger (look ma, no parasites!), and ditto eating unwashed vegetables; wearing a sundress made me feel self-conscious in ways I haven’t felt in skimpy clothing since sophomore year of high school; and, speaking of feeling naked, I totally did without my cell phone fully charged and a second computer battery in my bag, even in the carnival of infrastructure that is the USA.

And just when I’ve stopped reflexively “Namaste-ing” every time I get to the check out counter, I’m heading back to do it all over again. I imagine it will just be a matter of slipping back into familiar patterns. People ask what my life is like “over there”, and seem to expect some really wild answers. In fact, it’s a lot like my life as a young professional anywhere else in the world would be: work and friends, eating and drinking, paying bills and getting out of town for a weekend…I just do it with a lot less electricity. Being back in the States for a month really clarified how much, for better or worse, Kathmandu doesn’t feel like “an experience”; it feels like home. Moving there was like moving anywhere else, a series of relatively minor adjustments and accommodations that eventually add up to sneaky feeling of belonging.

As much as I appreciate how normalized my life IS there, I do want to do a few things differently the second time around. This past year, I did a yoga class here, an afternoon at an orphanage there, but I really haven’t consistently been involved in much. I was just at the National Gallery of Art in DC with a friend who lives there, and we both agreed how much living in a place makes you stop “taking advantage” of it. That said, now that I’ve got my life established in Nepal, I’m really going to start looking for ways to integrate other things into my life, especially: some form of exercise, and independent projects that will bring issues and complexities of Nepal to the States when I’m back (hopefully while raising some money for worthwhile organizations). I’m also going to work on designing and doing some research, and trying to get it published.

I suppose I did forget one significant extracurricular: my “Kollywood” debut. Some friends and I were involved in filming a Nepali movie where they needed some foreigners to be…well, foreign. Granted, we were playing “gangsters”, and “Kollywood” seems to be just as campy (“Kampy”?) as Bollywood, but, as a friend pointed out, we were playing un-ironically exaggerated versions of Nepali conceptions of foreigners. Women were dressed suggestively (by Nepali standards), those of us who were too “ethnic” looking (ie had brown hair and light tans) had blonde streaks put in our hair (with face makeup!), and my friend’s gangster “bling” was an enormous crucifix. So there you go: wealthy, promiscuous, blonde, and Christian (that’s the response I get when I try to explain being Jewish: ”so…you’re like a Christian?”… I usually just go with it). The assumptions that I, personally, run into most are the assumptions that get made about Western women. It can be exhausting and frustrating sometimes, but eventually you figure out ways to negotiate interactions and to ignore comments and interactions that you can’t defuse. And most importantly, like anywhere in the world, once you actually make friends with people, the assumptions tend to dissolve.

In fact, one of my biggest pet peeves has to do with the foreign conception of Nepal. At the risk of generalization, Nepalis are really very lovely, friendly, generous people; the mountain views are, in fact, stunning; and of course I’m aware that Nepal is not really of the greatest geopolitical importance. However, there’s this incredibly oversimplified, ill-informed notion of Nepal as this harmonious land of poor but smiling, mountain-dwelling Buddhists, all of whom are Sherpas--never mind that Sherpas are an ethnic group (one of over 100 in Nepal) and not a profession, that there was a civil war raging from 1996-2006, or that 80% of the population identifies as Hindu (in fact, Nepal was the world’s only constitutionally-defined “Hindu” country until 2008). In the news, for instance—despite the fact the world’s youngest democracy was on the edge of collapse this spring, you had to pull proverbial teeth to get international media attention about anything if it didn’t involve trekking, animal sacrifice, or festive ethnic garb. It all makes a very pretty postcard. However, aside from being good for tourism (which, when it comes to the Nepalese economy, is actually nothing to sneeze at), I find it pretty outrageous when people come to Nepal and don’t bother to educate themselves enough about the country to recognize the complexity, diversity, sophistication, and, yes, conflict that is represented there. Those are the things that make Nepal an amazing place to live, not the nuns with nunchucks (yes, this was actually a news piece).

Although my life may seem to be all glamour, what with the poop and the blackouts and the makeup in my hair, I actually work, too! As the only native English speaker in the office (aside from the director of the NGO), a fair amount of my job has been editing and proposal writing (in fact, researching and writing grants was the majority of my job description for the last three months I was there). On the one hand, it’s not the most thrilling work. On the other hand, there was something satisfying about using skills I already have (strong writing and logical thinking) and applying them to gaining fluency in the grant-writing jargon/skill set. I think I’ve gotten pretty good at it (we’re batting about .500 for major grants so far), and, maybe more importantly, I’m doing something no one else really can. I’m also proud that my coworkers trust me to help them improve the presentation of their own work. It leaves them more time to do the things they’re really good at, many of which are based on knowledge and skills that I don’t have, at least not yet.

The major project I worked on (an enterprise-development opportunity assessment) was also interesting, and I did the best I could with it. Honestly, my spoken Nepali and subject knowledge was probably not initially (in the fall) at a level to make the most of it. I also didn’t know enough organizationally (or, again, in terms of content, since I’ve never been exposed to this kind of work before) to contribute to or question the way the project was structured. During my first year I’ve learned a lot about the kind work I’m doing (both through direct work experience, and by attempting to read things and engage with people outside of the office in a way that will extend my development “education”), the organization I’m working in (what its strengths and weaknesses are, and how to exploit or compensate for them), and about the language and cultural milieu of Nepal. I think this will allow me to take a more proactive role in the program design and monitoring components of my work, which is something I’m really looking forward to.

In fact, as I head back to Kathmandu for another year, I’m looking forward to many things. It has really struck me, both coming and going this summer, how incredibly lucky (dare I risk my cynicism street cred by saying “blessed”?) I am to feel at home in multiple places. I feel as excited about going to one place as I do sad about leaving another, by virtue of being able to be with people whom I love in both locations. Except my colon, of course. We still aren’t on speaking terms.